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CATEGORY DEFINITIONS

Dishwashers

A dishwasher is a device for cleaning crockery and cutlery. Freestanding models are commonly available in full-size, slimline and compact variants. Built-in machines can be fully integrated (completely hidden by a door front and have their controls at the top of the dishwasher door on the inside), semi-integrated which are covered by a matching kitchen door up to the height drawer, which are usually built in at chest height to make loading easier.

Home Laundry Appliances

Home laundry appliances includes the following categories: automatic dryers, automatic washing machines, automatic washer dryers and semi-automatic washing machines.

CHANNEL DEFINITIONS

Store-based Retailing

Store-based retailing is the aggregation of grocery retailers and non-grocery specialists and mixed retailers. Sales of new and used goods to the general public for personal or household consumption from retail outlets or market stalls. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts, fuel. Also excludes foodservice, rental and hire and wholesale industries, including Cash and Carry. Excludes the informal retail sector. Online or catalogue sales of store-based retailers are counted within Internet retailing or Homeshopping. There are three main data types: Sales, Outlets, Selling space. Sales: Retail sales value excluding or including VAT/Sales Tax. Outlets: A fixed (ie not mobile) business unit that is used principally for retailing, ie selling consumer goods to the general public (see definition of retailing). Each store within a shopping mall is counted separately. Measured at the end of the year. Selling space: Floor space within a retail store used for trading. Also known as sales floor area, trade area, trading area, sales area, retail square footage. Includes sales floor, changing rooms, checkouts, areas behind counters, etc. Excludes warehousing, offices, car parks, etc Measured, as per store count, at the end of the year Includes self-service warehouse space at Ikea stores and outdoor space in garden centres.

Grocery Retailers

Retailers selling predominantly food/beverages/tobacco and other everyday groceries. This is the aggregation of hypermarkets, supermarkets, discounters, convenience stores, independent small grocers, chained forecourt retailers, independent forecourt retailers, food/drink/tobacco specialists and other grocery retailers.

Modern Grocery Retailers

Modern grocery retailing is the aggregation of those grocery channels that have emerged alongside the growth of chained retail. For Euromonitor, modern grocery retailing is the aggregation of five channels: Hypermarkets, Supermarkets, Discounters, Forecourt Retailers and Convenience Stores. While there can be traditional (i.e. non-chained) supermarkets or forecourt retailers, for example, due to the store's presence in the channel, these stores are still considered as modern for

Euromonitor International.

Convenience Stores

Chained grocery retail outlets selling a wide range of groceries and fitting several of the following characteristics: Extended opening hours Selling area of less than 400 sq metres Located in residential neighbourhoods Handling two or more of the following product categories: audio-visual goods (for sale or rent), foodservice (prepared take-away, made-to-order, and hot foods), newspapers or magazines, cut flowers or pot plants, greetings cards, automotive accessories. Sales data excludes foodservice sales. Example brands include 7-Eleven, Spar. Note: The number of branches required to be termed chained varies from country to country but is usually ten or more. If a multinational is operating in the country, then this is included, even if there are fewer than ten outlets under the brand.

Discounters

Discounters are retail outlets typically with a selling space of between 400 and 2,500 square metres. Retailers' primary focus is on selling private label products within a limited range of food/beverages/tobacco and other groceries at budget prices. Discounters may also sell a selection of non-groceries, frequently as short-term special offers. Discounters can be classified as hard discounters and soft discounters. Hard discounter: first introduced by Aldi in Germany, and also known as limited-line discounters. Retail outlets, typically of 300-900 square metres, stocking fewer than 1,000 product lines, largely in packaged groceries. Goods are mainly private-label or budget brands. Soft discounter: usually slightly larger than hard discounters, and also known as extendedrange discounters. Retail outlets typically stocking 1,000-4,000 product lines. As well as private-label and budget brands, stores commonly carry leading brands at discounted prices. Discounters excludes mass merchandisers and warehouse clubs. Example brands include Aldi, Lidl, Plus, Penny, Netto.

Forecourt Retailers

Grocery retail outlets selling a wide range of groceries from a gas/petrol station forecourt and fitting several of the following characteristics: Extended opening hours Selling area of less than 400 sq metres Handling two or more of the following product categories: audio-visual goods (for sale or rent), foodservice (prepared take-away, made-to-order, and hot foods), newspapers or magazines, cut flowers or pot plants, greetings cards, automotive accessories. Sales data excludes petrol (gas) and foodservice sales. Example brands include BP Connect, Shell Select. Forecourt retailers is an aggregation of Chained forecourt and Independent forecourt.

Hypermarkets

Hypermarkets are retail outlets with a selling space of over 2,500 square metres and with a primary focus on selling food/beverages/tobacco and other groceries. Hypermarkets also sell a range of non grocery merchandise. Hypermarkets are frequently located on out-of-town sites or as the anchor store in a shopping centre. Example brands include Carrefour, Tesco Extra, Géant, E Leclerc, Intermarché, Auchan. Excludes cash and carry, warehouse clubs and mass merchandisers. For the Hypermarket channel Euromonitor also provides a breakdown of value sales between Grocery and Non-Grocery products.

Supermarkets

Retail outlets selling groceries with a selling space of between 400 and 2,500 square metres. Excludes discounters, convenience stores and independent grocery stores. Example brands include Champion, Tesco, Casino. Exception: In some markets, primarily the US, Australia and Hong Kong, there are grocery retailer brands that operate outlets with a selling space of over 2,500 square metres, but offer only a very limited range of non-grocery merchandise or none at all. These brands are included in Supermarkets. Examples include: Coles, Woolworths, Park ‘n Shop. For the Supermarket channel Euromonitor also provides a breakdown of value sales between Grocery and Non-Grocery products.

Traditional Grocery Retailers

Traditional grocery retailing is the aggregation of those channels that are invariably non-chained and are, therefore, owned by families and/or run on an individual basis. For Euromonitor traditional grocery retailing is the aggregation of three channels: Independent Small Grocers, Food/Drink/Tobacco Specialists and Other Grocery Retailers. While there can be modern (i.e. chained) food/drink/tobacco specialists or other grocery retailers, due to the store's presence in the channel, these stores are still considered as traditional for Euromonitor International.

Non-Grocery Specialists

Retail outlets selling predominantly non-grocery consumer goods. Excludes retailers selling predominantly food, beverages and tobacco, as well as fuel, automotives and parts. Non-grocery retailers is the aggregation of: • Apparel and footwear specialist retailers • Electronics and appliance specialist retailers • Health & beauty specialist retailers • Home and garden specialist retailers • Leisure and personal goods specialist retailers • Other non-grocery retailers

Apparel and Footwear Specialist Retailers

Outlets specialising in the sale of all types of clothing, footwear, accessories such as costume jewellery, belts, handbags, hats and caps, hosiery or a combination of these (stores selling handbags only are included). This includes those stores that carry a combination of all products for either men or women or children and those that may specialise by either gender, age or product. Example brands include TJ Maxx, Primark, Gap, H&M, Zara, C&A, Uniqlo. This category excludes sports good outlets. Sports goods outlets are included in the leisure and personal goods sector. Brands such as Adidas, Nike are included within apparel and footwear specialist retailers as long as they offer sports apparel only (example: Niketown). Brands that offer both sports apparel and sport goods are excluded from apparel and footwear specialist retailers and included in sports goods stores.

Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers

Retail outlets specialising in the sale of large or small domestic electrical appliances, consumer electronic equipment (including mobile phones), computers or a combination of these. For mobile phone retailers, this excludes revenues derived from telecoms service plans and top-up cards, etc. Example brands include Apple, Best Buy, Euronics, PC World, Darty, But, Media Markt, Yamada Denki, Gome (China).

Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers

This is the aggregation of chemists/pharmacies, drugstores/parapharmacies, beauty specialist retailers, optical goods stores and other healthcare specialist retailers.

Beauty Specialist Retailers

Beauty specialist retailers are chained or independent retail outlets with a primary focus on selling fragrances, other cosmetics and toiletries, beauty accessories or a combination of these. Examples of Beauty specialist retailer brands include: Body Shop, Marionnaud, Sephora and Bath and Body Works.

Chemists/Pharmacies

Retail outlets selling prescription-bound medicines under the supervision of a pharmacist and as its core activity (other activities include sales of OTC healthcare and cosmetics and toiletries products).

Optical Goods Stores

Optical Goods Stores are stores selling prescription or non-prescription spectacles, contact lenses or sunglasses. Revenue generated from medical services such as examinations is excluded. Examples of Optical Goods Stores include Spectacle Hut, Lens Crafters, Optical Express, Magrabi Optical.

Drugstores/Parapharmacies

Retail outlets selling mainly OTC healthcare, cosmetics and toiletries, disposable paper products, household care products and other general merchandise. Such outlets may also offer prescriptionbound medicines under the supervision of a pharmacist. Drugstores in Spain (Droguerias) also sell household cleaning agents, paint, DIY products and sometimes pet products and services such as photo processing. Example brands include Rossmann (Germany), Kruidvat (Netherlands), Walgreen’s (US), CVS (US), Medicine Shoppe (US), Matsumoto Kiyoshi (Japan), HAC Kimisawa (Japan).

Vitamins and Dietary Supplements Specialist Retailers

Vitamins and dietary supplements specialist retailers are chained or independent retail outlets with a primary focus on selling nutritional supplements and/or homeopathic remedies. They typically position themselves as being an alternative medicine store or a sports nutrition and performance store. The majority of sales come from the sale of vitamins and supplements as opposed to food.

Home and Garden Specialist Retailers

This is the aggregation of homewares and home furnishing stores and home improvement and gardening stores. Business-to-business sales are excluded.

Home Improvement and Gardening Stores

Home improvement and gardening stores are chained or independent retail outlets with a primary focus on selling one or more of the following categories: Home improvement materials and hardware, Paints, coatings and wall coverings, Kitchen and bathroom, fixtures and fittings, Gardening equipment, House/Garden plants Home improvement and gardening stores includes: Home improvement centres / DIY stores, Hardware stores (Ironmongers), Garden centres, Kitchen and bathroom showrooms, Tile specialists, Flooring specialists Example Home improvement and gardening stores brands include: Home Depot, B&Q, Obi, Leroy Merlin, Praktiker, Castorama

Homewares and Home Furnishing Stores

Retail outlets specialising in the sale of home furniture and furnishings, Homewares, Floor coverings, Soft furnishings, Lighting Example brands include Ikea, Habitat, Conforama.

Media Products Stores

Media product stores are retail outlets specialising in the sale of recorded music, films, video games (including hardware), books, journals and magazines or a combination of these, including digital downloads. Note: this category excludes domestic electrical appliances and consumer electronics specialists and retailers selling only stationery or office supplies. Example brands include: Barnes & Noble, Fnac, Game, Gamestation, GameStop, HMV, Relay, Shinseido and WH Smith

Pet Shops and Superstores

Pet superstores are specialist outlets selling pet food, pet care and pets, sometimes also diversifying into on-site clinics, grooming services etc. These outlets are typically located in shopping parks or outof-town sites. Superstore selling area will usually be in excess of 900 square metres. Stores usually sell the whole product range, from premium to economy with an emphasis on products in bulk. Examples include PetSmart, Fressnapf, Jumper, etc. Pet shops are specialist outlets selling pet food, pet care and pets. These outlets are usually located on the high street. Can be chained or independent. Sell mostly premium and premium products and are usually smaller than 900 square metres.

Sports Goods Stores

Retail outlets specialising in the sale of sports and outdoor pursuits apparel and equipment. Example brands include Foot Locker, Decathlon, Intersport, Dick's Sporting Goods and Xebio. Stores that specialise in sales of bicycles and parts are included here. However, in case an outlet offering bicycle repairs only it is included in Other non-grocery retailers. Excludes stores that sell sports apparel only.

Stationers/Office Supply Stores

Stationers/Office Supply Stores are retail outlets specialising in the sale of a range of products office supplies and stationery products. Companies sell goods such as stationery, school supplies, office supplies, office equipment and furniture, greetings cards or a combination of these. Stationers/Office Supply Stores also includes ‘gift stores’ whose sales are dominated by greetings cards, but also sell soft toys, mugs, wrapping paper, boxes, ribbons, amongst other items. Retailers may sell computers and accessories but do not do so exclusively. Companies that sell only computers are included in Electronics and appliance specialist retailers. Please note that business-to-business sales are excluded. Example brands include: Cards’n’Such, Clinton Cards, Kalms, Office Depot, Office Max, Office World, Officeworks, Paperchase, Staples

Traditional Toys and Games Stores

Retail outlets specialising in the sale of traditional toys and games. Retailers specialising in computer games are excluded. Example brands include Toys ‘R’ Us, Hamleys, Jumbo, JouéClub

Other Non-Grocery Specialists

Other non-food specialist outlets, second-hand outlets (except where the operation is a chained retailer competing in a particular category, such as durable goods. In such cases, the retailer has been categorised in the relevant non-grocery specialist channel), non-grocery markets and street hawkers. Includes kiosks, markets selling predominantly non-grocery items. Includes specialist repair stores – ie of clothing, footwear, watches, clocks, jewellery, bicycles. Excludes retail areas located within bars.

Mixed Retailers

This is the aggregation of department stores, variety stores, mass merchandisers and warehouse clubs.

Department Stores

Outlets selling mainly non-grocery merchandise and at least five lines in different departments, usually with a sales area of over 2,500 sq metres and arranged over several floors. Example brands include Macy’s, Bloomingdale’s, Marks & Spencer, Harrods, Sears, JC Penney, Takashimaya, Mitsukoshi, Daimaru, Karstadt, Rinascente.

Mass Merchandisers

Mixed retail outlets that usually: (1) convey the image of a high-volume, fast-turnover outlet selling a variety of merchandise for less than conventional prices; (2) provide centralised check-out service; and (3) provide minimal customer assistance within each department. Example brands include WalMart, Target and Kmart. Excludes hypermarkets and warehouse clubs/cash and carry stores.

Variety Stores

Non-grocery general merchandise outlets usually located on one floor, offering a wide assortment of

extensively discounted fast-moving consumer goods on a self-service basis. Normally over 1,500 sq

metres in size, except in the case of dollar stores, these outlets give priority to fast-moving non

grocery items that have long shelf-lives. Includes catalogue showrooms and dollar stores. Example

brands include Woolworth (Germany), Upim (Italy)

Warehouse Clubs

Warehouse Clubs are chained outlets that sell a wide variety of merchandise, but do have a strong mix of both grocery and non-grocery products. Customers have to pay an annual membership fee in order to shop. The clubs are able to keep prices low due to the no-frills format of the stores and attempt to drive volume sales through aggressive pricing techniques. Please note that sales data for the Warehouse Club channel excludes membership fees in the data provided by Euromonitor International. Therefore, the channel data provides sales data for products only. Warehouse Clubs typically: - exceed 2,500 sq metres of selling space and are invariably -over 4,000 sq metres in size; - convey the image of a high-volume, fast-turnover retailing at less than conventional prices; - provide minimal customer assistance within each department; and - are situated in out-of-town locations. Example brands include: - Costco - Sam’s Club (Wal-Mart) - PriceSmart - Cost-U-Less Warehouse Clubs excludes: - Mass merchandisers - although warehouse clubs and Mass merchandisers share many of the same characteristics, consumers shopping at warehouse clubs have to pay a membership fee, while those using Mass merchandisers do not. - Cash & Carries/Wholesale – Warehouse Clubs differ from Cash & Carries through being orientated towards consumers, rather than businesses. Cash & Carries require customers to have evidence that enables them to shop there (VAT or business number for example), while Warehouse Clubs do not.

Luxury Retailing

Luxury retail covers single and multi-brand stores, which sell primarily luxury brands. Luxury brands are defined as selective, exclusive, high priced and mostly high quality personal goods, aimed at high net worth individuals and mainly sold through selective channels. Luxury retail is an aggregation of company shares in the following channels: Luxury apparel and footwear specialist retailers, Luxury jewellery and watch specialist retailers, Luxury bags and luggage specialist retailers, and Luxury department stores. Because Luxury Retailing is an aggregate of only companies listed in the shares, there is no "Others" in shares nor is there a forecast. To avoid double counting Luxury retail does not sum up to Store-based retailing. Luxury brand sales are also present within the respective parent channels - Apparel and footwear specialist retailers, Jewellery and watch specialist retailers, Bags and luggage specialist retailers, Department stores Example of luxury retailers include Harrods, Neiman Markus, Saks, Couch, Tiffany, Louis Vuitton, Ralph Lauren, etc

Non-Store Retailing

The retail sale of new and used goods to the general public for personal or household consumption from locations other than retail outlets or market stalls. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts, fuel. Also excludes foodservice, rental and hire, wholesale industries. For the purposes of this study, non-store retailing is the aggregation of Vending, Direct Selling, Homeshopping and Internet Retailing.

Direct Selling

Direct selling is the marketing of consumer goods directly to consumers, generally in their homes or the homes of others, at their workplace and other places away from permanent retail locations.

Direct selling occurs in two primary ways: -one-to-one basis (usually by prior arrangement a demonstration is given by a direct seller to a customer) or -party-plan basis (selling through explanation and demonstration of products to a group of prospective customers by a direct seller usually in the home of a host(ess) who invites other persons for this purpose). The prime example of a one-to-one method is Avon. Tupperware is famous for its party-plan method. Direct selling of services - such as insurance, telecoms, other utilities, financial services - are excluded.

Homeshopping

is the sale of consumer goods to the general public via mail order catalogues, TV shopping and direct mail. Consumers purchase goods in direct response to an advertisement or promotion through a mail item, printed catalogue, TV shopping programme, or Internet catalogue whereby the order is placed and payment is made by phone, by post or through other media such as digital TV. Excludes sales on returned products/unpaid invoices. Excludes sales ordered and paid online which are instead included within Internet retailing. Example brands include Otto, Neckermann, QVC.

Internet Retailing

Sales of consumer goods to the general public via the Internet. Please note that this includes sales through mobile phones and tablets. Internet retailing includes sales generated through pure ecommerce web sites and through sites operated by store-based retailers. Sales data is attributed to the country where the consumer is based, rather than where the retailer is based. Also includes orders placed through the web for which payment is then made through a storecard, an online credit account subsequent to delivery or on delivery of the product. This payment may be by any mode of payment including postal cheque, direct debit, standing order or other banking tools. Includes orders paid for cash on delivery. Includes m-commerce: where consumers use smart phones or tablets to connect to Internet and purchase the goods online. Internet retailing excludes sales of: (a) Products generated over consumer-to-consumer sales sites, such as eBay. B2C proportion of sites such as eBay will be captured. (b) Sales of motor vehicles, motorcycles and vehicle parts; (c) Tickets for events (sports, music concerts etc) and travel; (d) Sales of travel and holiday packages; (e) Revenue generated by online gambling sites; (f) Quick delivery services of food, magazines, household goods and DVD rentals, for example: MaxDelivery.com, LicketyShip.com, Netflix.com, LoveFilm (g) Returned products/unpaid invoices. (h) click and collect orders in stores where the payment is made in the store. Example brands include Amazon.com, Zappos.com, Apple.com, iTunes, Rakuten, Tesco.com, Dell.com, Coles Online, Americanas 3rd Party Merchant sales through online marketplaces, such as Amazon.com, eBay.com and Walmart.com, are included and split out in shares. 3rd party merchants are the summation of sales that come from businesses that are present on an online marketplace (e.g. Amazon, Alibaba). Marketplaces are websites that allow multiple merchants to sell on the marketplace website and the marketplace operator processes the transaction, however many provide other services as to help with shipping, handling, payment, and product storage. The marketplace is not the merchant of record legally, but for the sake of shares, sales from 3rd part merchants are attributed to the marketplace brand operator.

Apparel and Footwear Internet Retailing

Apparel and footwear internet retailing includes the sale of the following items: Clothing – men women and children. Includes outerwear, underwear, nightwear, swimwear, hosiery and clothing accessories. Includes all men’s, women’s and children’s outdoor and indoor shoes made of materials as leather, fabric or plastic. The following products are excluded from apparel and footwear internet retailing: Antique and/or vintage clothing and footwear, Fine and costume jewellery; Handbags

Beauty and Personal Care Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of beauty and personal care products. This comprises sales of Baby Care, Bath and Shower, Colour Cosmetics, Depilatories, Deodorants, Fragrances, Hair Care, Men's Grooming, Oral Care, Skin Care, Sun Care and includes cosmetics and toiletries gift sets.

Consumer Appliances Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of consumer appliances. This includes the sale of the following products: Refrigeration Appliances, Home Laundry Appliances, Dishwashers, Large Cooking Appliances, Microwaves, Food Preparation Appliances, Small Cooking Appliances, Small Kitchen Appliances (Non Cooking), Vacuum Cleaners, Irons, Personal Care Appliances, Air Treatment Products, Heating Appliances.

Consumer Electronics Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of consumer electronics. This includes the sale of the following products: Televisions, projectors, converters, decoders and receivers, VCRs and DVD players, TV and VCR/DVD combinations, home audio and cinema, personal computers, cameras, camcorders, portable media players, mobile phones, portable computers, in-car media players, in-car speakers, navigation systems, other in-car consumer electronics. The following products are excluded from Electronics and covered in Others internet retailing: PC accessories such as keyboards, mice, cables Headphones Mobile accessories such as cases, keyboards, chargers, battery booster packs Light bulbs, batteries.

Consumer Health Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of Consumer Healthcare products. This includes sales generated by Over the counter medicine, Sports Nutrition, Vitamins and Dietary Supplements and Weight management products. Excludes prescription medicines

Food and Drink Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of food and drink (all packaged and fresh food and drink (hot drinks, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks).

Home Care Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of home care products. This covers the sales of the following products: Air Care, Bleach, Dishwashing, Insecticides, Laundry Care, Polishes, Toilet Care, Surface Care.

Home Improvement and Gardening Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of home improvement, gardening and hardware. Products covered within this channel include: hardware, electrical supplies, hand/power tools and accessories, paint/home decorating, wall/floor coverings, kitchen and bath products, other DIY products, horticultural goods, garden sheds, gardening equipment, garden care, barbecues, pots and planters and other gardening products. The following products are excluded: Commercial sales to professional builders/tradesmen/contractors/etc for construction purposes Professionally installed security equipment.

Homewares and Home Furnishings Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of home furniture, furnishings and household goods. This product category covers the following goods: Homewares – Cookware, kitchenware, dinnerware, etc. Items must be new when sold to the consumer; second-hand/used housewares are excluded. Antiques are also excluded. Home furnishings - The household textiles, lighting, furniture and other moveable articles in a home that are necessary or useful for comfort and convenience. The following products are excluded: Second-hand/used home furnishings and antique home furnishings

Media Products Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of media products. This covers the following products: sales of recorded music, films, video games (excluding hardware), books, journals and magazines or a combination of these. Sales figures includes digital music, books, journals and magazines, movies and apps and games. The following products are excluded from media products: Sales of wallpapers and ringtones for mobile phones, consumer electronics & appliances, including e-readers and mp3 players, stationery and office supplies products. Subscription revenue generated by music streaming and video games played online, rather than downloaded from the internet, are excluded from Internet Retailing completely.

Personal Accessories and Eyewear

Internet Retailing Internet retailing sales of personal accessories and eyewear. This covers: Contact Lenses, Spectacles, Bags and Luggage, Jewellery (Costume, Real), Watches (Mechanical, Quartz), Colouring, Markers and Highlighters, Pens + Pencils, Writing Accessories.

Pet Care Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of pet care products. This covers: Dog and Cat Food (Wet, dry, treats) , Other Pet Food (bird, fish, small mammal), Cat Litter, Pet Healthcare, Pet Dietary Supplements, Other Pet Products.

Traditional Toys and Games Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of traditional toys and games products. This is the aggregation of baby (0-18 months), infant (19-36 months), pre-school (3-4 years), construction, arts & crafts, scientific/educational, dressing up & role play, dolls & accessories, action figures & accessories, plush, model vehicles, radio/remote control toys, games & puzzles, outdoor & sports toys, ride-on vehicles and other traditional toys and games. Traditional toys and games are objects of play that do not

involve a video game component.

Video Games Hardware Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of video games hardware such as Nintendo Wii’s, Xbox’s and Sony PlayStation. Excludes: Video games, computer software, films and music. Sales are included in Media Products internet retailing.

Other Internet Retailing

Internet retailing sales of consumer goods not specified elsewhere. These include, but are not limited to, the following products: tobacco products, tissue & hygiene products, Rx drugs, sports equipment, antiques, souvenirs and collectibles, antiques, souvenirs, collectibles, bicycles, candles, vases, picture frames, pictures. Sales of services, subscriptions, travel and tourism, tickets are excluded.

Vending

Vending means automatic retailing. It covers the sale of products and services at an unattended point of sale through a machine operated by introducing coins, bank notes, payment cards, tokens or other means of cashless payment. Sales figures cover vended products only, ie food, drink and other consumable goods such as vended tobacco, sanitary products and condoms. Services such as the public telephone, laundrette facilities, travel tickets, stamps, passport photographs, domestic energy supplies and business card creation are excluded. Coverage includes vending systems installed in public and semi-captive environments only. Hotels, transport networks, recreational centres, shopping centres/malls are included. Factories, offices, hospitals, prisons, schools and other captive environments are excluded.

Mobile Internet Retailing

Mobile Internet Retailing includes sales through mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Please note that these sales are also included in the Internet Retailing Channel. Mobile Internet Retailing is also known as m-commerce.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local momand-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data. The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme.

Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

• National statistics offices governmental and official sources

• National and international trade press

• National and international trade associations

• Industry study groups and other semi-official sources

• Company financials and annual reports

• Broker reports

• Online databases

• The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

• Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store

• Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?

• Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices

compare to those of branded goods?

• Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore

inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

• Fill gaps in available published data per company

• Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category

• Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date

• Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third

party observers from the trade and financial press. Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, nationalspecific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another? Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity. Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends. Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.

CHANNEL DEFINITIONS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Global insight and local knowledge

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round. Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data. The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

In-country research network

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme.

Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

• National statistics offices governmental and official sources

• National and international trade press

• National and international trade associations

• Industry study groups and other semi-official sources

• Company financials and annual reports

• Broker reports

• Online databases

• The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

• Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store

• Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?

• Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices

compare to those of branded goods?

• Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Trade survey

• Fill gaps in available published data per company

• Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category

• Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date

• Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press. Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, nationalspecific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Market analysis

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